Journal: Current Research in Food Science

Article Title: A strategy for healthy eating habits of daily fruits revisited: A metabolomics study

doi: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100440

Figure Lengend Snippet: Principal component analysis (PCA) generated with 1 H NMR spectra of peel and pulp extracts collected from five different fruits, demonstrating clear metabolic differentiations between the fruits and between their pulps and peels.

Article Snippet: 1 H NMR spectra of the secondary metabolites highlighted in peel of Daebong persimmon (A), sweet persimmon (B), grape (C), apple (D), and peach (E).

Techniques: Generated

Journal: Current Research in Food Science

Article Title: A strategy for healthy eating habits of daily fruits revisited: A metabolomics study

doi: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100440

Figure Lengend Snippet: OPLS-DA score (A, C, E, G, and I) and loading (B, D, F, H, and J) plot generated with 1 H NMR spectra of pulps and peels of Daebong persimmon (A and B), sweet persimmon (C and D), peach (E and F), apple (G and H), and grape (I and J) for comprehensive identification of metabolites that were different between pulps and peels. Ala, alanine; Arg, arginine; Asp, aspartic acid; C, catechin; CGA, chlorogenic acid; nCGA, neochlorogenic acid; EC, epicatechin; EGC, Epigallocatechin; FA, formic acid; Fru, fructose; GA, gallic acid; GABA, gamma-amynobutyric acid; Glc, glucose; Gln, glutamine; K, kaempferol; MA, malic acid; Phz, phloridzin; Pro, proline; Q, quercetin; QD, quercetin derivatives; QG, quercetin glucoside; p -Cou, p -coumaric acid; Rtn, rutin; Suc, sucrose; Thr, threonine; Trg, trigonelline. The upper sections in OPLS-DA loading plots represent relatively higher amounts of metabolites in the peels of each fruits, compared to their pulps (B, D, F, H, and J), whereas the lower sections indicate relatively lower amounts of metabolites in the peels.

Article Snippet: 1 H NMR spectra of the secondary metabolites highlighted in peel of Daebong persimmon (A), sweet persimmon (B), grape (C), apple (D), and peach (E).

Techniques: Generated

Journal: Current Research in Food Science

Article Title: A strategy for healthy eating habits of daily fruits revisited: A metabolomics study

doi: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100440

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative 1 H NMR spectra of pulps (A) and peels (B) collected from Daebong persimmon. Leu, leucine; Thr, threonine; Ala, alanine; Arg, arginine; GABA, gamma-aminobutyric acid; Gln, glutamine; Glu, glutamic acid; MA, malic acid; SA, succinic acid; Asp, aspartic acid; EtOH, ethanol; Glc, glucose; Suc, sucrose; Fru, fructose; FUA, fumaric acid; GA, gallic acid; Phe, phenylalanine; Trp, tryptophan; GC, gallocatechin; K, kaempferol; Q, quercetin; QD, quercetin derivatives; FA, formic acid.

Article Snippet: 1 H NMR spectra of the secondary metabolites highlighted in peel of Daebong persimmon (A), sweet persimmon (B), grape (C), apple (D), and peach (E).

Techniques:

Journal: Current Research in Food Science

Article Title: A strategy for healthy eating habits of daily fruits revisited: A metabolomics study

doi: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100440

Figure Lengend Snippet: OPLS-DA score (A and C) and loading (B and D) plot generated with 1 H NMR spectra of Daebong persimmon pulps and peels for comprehensive identifications of metabolites that were different between before and after postharvest ripening.

Article Snippet: 1 H NMR spectra of the secondary metabolites highlighted in peel of Daebong persimmon (A), sweet persimmon (B), grape (C), apple (D), and peach (E).

Techniques: Generated

Journal: Current Research in Food Science

Article Title: A strategy for healthy eating habits of daily fruits revisited: A metabolomics study

doi: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100440

Figure Lengend Snippet: 1 H NMR spectra of the secondary metabolites highlighted in peel of Daebong persimmon (A), sweet persimmon (B), grape (C), apple (D), and peach (E). These spectra were plotted after their normalization methanol, and the amounts of secondary metabolites were thus comparable among the fruits. K, kaempferol; Q, Quercetin; QD, quercetin derivatives; QG, quercetin glucoside; CGA, chlorogenic acid; nCGA, neochlorogenic acid; C, catechin; GC, gallocatechin; EC, epicatechin; EGC, epigallocatechin.

Article Snippet: 1 H NMR spectra of the secondary metabolites highlighted in peel of Daebong persimmon (A), sweet persimmon (B), grape (C), apple (D), and peach (E).

Techniques:

Journal: Current Research in Food Science

Article Title: A strategy for healthy eating habits of daily fruits revisited: A metabolomics study

doi: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100440

Figure Lengend Snippet: Total phenolics contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), scavenging activities against DPPH and ABTS free radicals, and α-amylase inhibitory activity (α-AI) in the pulps and peels from five fruits (A–C) and from Daebong persimmon after postharvest ripening (D). The panel C denotes α-amylase inhibitory activity dependent on concentrations of the Daebong persimmon pulps and Daebong persimmon, sweet persimmon, and grape peels. The panels E, F, G, H, and I demonstrate the differences in the secondary metabolite levels between pulps and peels of Daebong persimmon, sweet persimmon, apple, grape, and peach, respectively, which were calculated by the integral area of 1 H NMR peaks corresponding to the metabolites and expressed as ratio of metabolites to methanol. The panel J shows the changes in the secondary metabolite levels in the pulp, peel, and endocarp of Daebong persimmon before and after postharvest ripening. The panel K shows correlations of secondary metabolites with antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory activities. Direction and strength of the correlations in the panel B are visualized with an oval shape and a color gradient. †Quercetin, quercetin derivatives and kaempferol were significantly correlated with ABTS and DPPH free radical-scavenging activity in correlation analysis within a single fruit, for example, using only the dataset from the Daebong persimmon pulp and peel ( P < 0.05). GC, gallocatechin; EC, epicatechin; EGC, epigallocatechin; CGA, chlorogenic acid; nCGA, neochlorogenic acid; Phz, phloridzin; QG, quercetin glucoside; p -Cou, p -coumaric acid. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: 1 H NMR spectra of the secondary metabolites highlighted in peel of Daebong persimmon (A), sweet persimmon (B), grape (C), apple (D), and peach (E).

Techniques: Activity Assay